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Armillaria mellea

 
There are several forms of Honey Fungus, and in many books they are all given the scientific name Armillaria mellea even though it is now accepted that there are several distinct species.

This parasitic fungus can do immense damage to forests; it attacks  both coniferous and broad-leaf trees. By the time the fruit bodies are in evidence, the damage internally is usually so great that the tree is doomed.

Cap

5 to 15 cm in diameter; colour ranging from honey-yellow to red-brown, with a darker area near the centre. The cap flesh is white and firm.

Initially deeply convex, the caps flatten and often develop wavy, striated margins. Fine scales cover the young caps, most noticeably towards the centre. These scales do not always remain evident as the caps reach maturity.

Gills

The weakly decurrent gills are crowded and flesh coloured, gradually becoming yellowish and finally developing rusty spots at maturity.

Stipe

When young, the stems are white, turning yellow or yellowish-brown and finely woolly as the fruitbody matures.

5 to 15 mm in diameter and 6 to 15 cm tall with a finely woolly surface. The stem flesh is white, full and fairly firm. A pale yellow ring usually persists to maturity.

Spore print

White.

Odour/taste

Faint acidic odour and taste strongly acidic. (Considered edible if well cooked, but some people find this mushroom indigestible.)

Habitat

Parasitic on or up against broad-leaf and conifer trees; also occurring on stumps and roots, and occasionally on fallen branches.

Season

 July to November.

Occurrence

Very common.

Similar species

  1. Some experts sub-divide the Honey Fungus into several species; others lump them together. For example, some varieties of Honey Fungus have very scaly caps and small stem rings; others are almost devoid of scales but have large white rings.
  2. Armillaria tabescens, sometimes referred to as the Ringless Honey Fungus, is very similar but has no stem ring and its gills turn pinkish-brown at maturity.
  3. Pholiota squarrosa is generally similar in colour and covered in scales; it retains an in-rolled margin, its gills turn uniformly rusty-brown, and it has a radish smell and taste.

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