Helvella elastica Bull. - Elastic Saddle

Phylum: Ascomycota - Class: Pezizomycetes - Order: Pezizales - Family: Helvellaceae

Distribution - Taxonomic History - Etymology - Identification - Culinary Notes - Reference Sources

With their irregularly shaped saddles and pale stems, Helvella elastica fungi are most often found at the edges of forest footpaths, where they generally appear is small groups, sometimes forming neat lines as though queueing like taxi cabs hoping for fare-paying customers (woodland elves, I assume!).

Although traditionally considered saprobic, there are now suggestions that Helvella (saddle) fungi may be mycorrhizal.

Distribution

Fairly common in Britain and Ireland, particularly in conifer woodlands on acid soil, Helvella elastica occurs also throughout mainland Europe and in many parts of Asia. This species is also recorded from North America, where it is sometimes referred to as the Brown Elfin Saddle.

Taxonomic history

In 1785 when French botanist-mycologist Jean Baptiste Francois (Pierre) Bulliard described this woodland ascomycete he gave it the binomial scientific name Helvella elastica by which it is still generally known today.

Helvella elastica has several synonyms including Helvella albida Schaeff., Helvella fuliginosa Dicks., Helvella pulla Holmsk., Helvella klotzschiana Corda, Leptopodia elastica (Bull.) Boud., Leptopodia klotzschiana (Corda) Boud., and Leptopodia pulla (Holmsk.) Boud.

Etymology

Helvella is an ancient term for an aromatic herb. The specific epithet elastica comes from Latin and means elastic or flexible. (Elastic Saddle is one of the many other common names that this species has acquired.)

Mushrooms in this genus are sometimes referred to as Elfin Saddles, and you may wonder why not Fairy, Pixie or Goblin Saddles, for instance. American mycologist Michael Kuo offers a plausible answer when he reminds us that the original name that Elias Magnus Fries provided for the genus was Elvella rather than Helvella - so perhaps elves really do ride on these woodland fungi in the dead of night.

Identification guide

	Fruitbody The saddle-shaped caps of Helvella elastica are; typically 2 to 4cm across the cap and generally have just two lobes; they are usually less contorted than the caps of most other fungi of the Helvella genus. The smooth shiny outer surface of the cap bears the spores, while the infertile underside, illustrated here, is light ochre and finely matt. The long white stem is very rubbery and often appears to be twisted. Total height of cap plus stem is 5 to 10cm.
	Asci Typically 300 x 17µm; eight-spored; inamyloid. Show larger image Asci of Helvella elastica, Elastic Saddle - enlarged image  X
	Paraphyses Cylindrical, typically 6µm diameter, many with slightly clavate tips; inamyloid. Show larger image Paraphyses of Helvella elastica, Elastic Saddle - enlarged image  X
	Spores Broadly ellipsoidal, smooth, monoguttulate, 19-22 x 11-13µm; hyaline. Show larger image Spore of Helvella elastica, Elastic Saddle - enlarged image  X  Spore print White.
Odour/taste	Not distinctive.
Habitat & Ecological role	Beside woodland paths, particularly in mixed woodland.
Season	Summer and autumn.
Similar species	Helvella ephippium is very similar but the underside of its cap is densely hairy. Helvella crispa has a fluted, broader stem with external grooves and internal hollow channels. Helvella lacunosa has a grey-brown or black cap and a broader stem with external grooves and internal hollow channels.

Culinary Notes

Some field guides that cover edibility as a topic state that Helvella elastica is 'edible but of poor quality'. Suely, then, they are hardly worth collecting... unless you really enjoy eating elastic bands and are looking for a no-cost substitute. But lately concerns have been raised that Helvella fungi may contain carcinogens. What's the point of taking risks for such a dubious gain?

Reference Sources

Fascinated by Fungi, 2nd Edition, Pat O'Reilly 2016, reprinted by Coch-y-bonddu Books in 2022.

Dennis, R.W.G. (1981). British Ascomycetes; Lubrecht & Cramer; ISBN: 3768205525.

Breitenbach, J. & Kränzlin, F. (1984). Fungi of Switzerland. Volume 1: Ascomycetes. Verlag Mykologia: Luzern, Switzerland.

Medardi, G. (2006). Ascomiceti d'Italia. Centro Studi Micologici: Trento.

British Mycological Society (2010). English Names for Fungi

Dictionary of the Fungi; Paul M. Kirk, Paul F. Cannon, David W. Minter and J. A. Stalpers; CABI, 2008

Taxonomic history and synonym information on these pages is drawn from many sources but in particular from the British Mycological Society's GB Checklist of Fungi.

Acknowledgements

This page includes pictures kindly contributed by Simon Harding.

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