Lanzia echinophila (Bull.) Korf - Hairy Nuts Disco

Phylum: Ascomycota - Class: Leotiomycetes - Order: Helotiales - Family: Rutstroemiaceae

Distribution - Taxonomic History - Etymology - Identification - Culinary Notes - Reference Sources

Lanzia echinophila, the Hairy Nuts Disco, is initially subglobose and bright orange. As it grows it becomes cup shaped and eventually flattens out, and its upper (fertile) surface turns reddish brown. This little ascomycete fungus is most often found on rotting cases of Sweet Chestnuts Castanea sativa, but it can also occur on the cupules of various kinds of acorns, most notably of Turkey Oak Quercus cerris.

Distribution

An infrequent and mostly southern find in Britain and Ireland, the Hairy Nuts Disco occurs also throughout mainland Europe, from Scandinavia right down to the Mediterranean including Germany, France, Spain, Portugal, Austria Italy and Bulgaria. A very similar ascomycete species was fairly common in parts of North America before a fungal blight killed most of the mature American Chestnut trees Castanea dentata.

Taxonomic history

In 1791 when Jean Baptiste Francois (Pierre) Bulliard described this species, he named it Peziza echinophilus. The currently-accepted scientific name dates from a 1982 publication in Mycotaxon by American mycologist Richard Paul Korf (1925 - 2016).

Synonyms of Lanzia echinophila include Peziza echinophila Bull., Ciboria echinophila (Bull.) Sacc., Phialea echinophila (Bull.) Gillet, Rutstroemia echinophila (Bull.) Hohn., and Sclerotinia echinophila (Bull.) Rehm.

Etymology

The specific epithet echinophila means 'spine-loving' and is a reference to fact that these cup fungi usually occur on the spiny cases of Sweet Chestnuts. The common name also refers to the spiny or hairy outer surfaces of the nut husks upon which this species is found.

Identification guide

	Fertile (inner) surface The upper (inside of the cup) surfaces of these cryptic fungi are smooth and vary in colour from pale orange through to mid brown. The cups range fron 2 to 10mm in diameter. The cup is typically 1 to 5mm tall, and is attached to a stipe typically 1 to 2mm in diameter and 1 to 4mm tall.
	Infertile (outer) surface and stem The outer (infertile) surface of the cup is rough and much lighter in colour than the inner surface; the spores are produced within asci on the shiny inner surface of the cup.
	Asci Cylindrical; typically 120 x 12µm; amyloid; with eight spores per ascus. Paraphyses Narrow, cylindrical. (Paraphyses are structures of sterile tissue between the asci on the hymenial surface.) Show larger image Asci of Lanzia echinophila, Hairy Nuts Disco  X
	Spores Allantoid (sausage shaped), 16-20 x 5-6µm, each spore usually containing four oil drops. Show larger image Spores of Lanzia echinophila, Hairy Nuts Disco  X  Spore print White.
Odour/taste	Not distinctive.
Habitat & Ecological role	Saprobic, mostly on decaying hairy cases of Sweet Chestnuts, but also on rotting acorns, particularly the hairy cases of Turkish Oak fruits.
Season	August to November in Britain and Ireland; later in southern parts of mainland Europe.
Similar species	Beech Jellydisc Neobulgaria pura produces similar but usually much larger structures on hardwoods, particularly Fagus spp.

Culinary Notes

This insubstantial cup fungus is of no cullinary value; its edibility is unknown to us.

Reference Sources

Fascinated by Fungi, Pat O'Reilly 2016.

Dennis, R.W.G. (1981). British Ascomycetes; Lubrecht & Cramer; ISBN: 3768205525.

Breitenbach, J. & Kränzlin, F. (1984). Fungi of Switzerland. Volume 1: Ascomycetes. Verlag Mykologia: Luzern, Switzerland.

Medardi, G. (2006). Ascomiceti d'Italia. Centro Studi Micologici: Trento.

Dictionary of the Fungi; Paul M. Kirk, Paul F. Cannon, David W. Minter and J. A. Stalpers; CABI, 2008

BMS List of English Names for Fungi

Taxonomic history and synonym information on these pages is drawn from many sources but in particular from the British Mycological Society's GB Checklist of Fungi and (for basidiomycetes) on Kew's Checklist of the British & Irish Basidiomycota.

Acknowledgements

This page includes pictures kindly cointributed by Simon Harding.

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