Cuphophyllus russocoriaceus (Berk. & T.K. Mill.) Bon - Cedarwood Waxcap

Phylum: Basidiomycota - Class: Agaricomycetes - Order: Agaricales - Family: Hygrophoraceae

Distribution - Taxonomic History - Etymology - Identification - Culinary Notes - Reference Sources

Its distinctive odour is the most obvious differeence between this whitish waxcap and the otherwise macroscopically very similar Snowy Waxcap Cuphophyllus virgineus.

Distribution

Fairly common throughout most of Britain and Ireland, Cuphophyllus russocoriaceus is also recorded in many parts of mainland Europe from Scandinavia down to the Mediterranean. This species is also listed on some North American websites as occurring in parts of the USA.

Taxonomic history

Described scientifically in 1848 by British mycologists Miles Joseph Berkeley and T. K. Miller, who named it Hygrophorus russo-coriaceus, the Cedarwood Waxcap was transferred to the genus Hygrocybe in 1969 by two other British mycologists, Peter Orton and Roy Watling (b. 1938), whereupon it acquired the scientific name Cuphophyllus russocoriaceus; however, the currently accepted name dates from a 1985 publication by the French mycologist Marcel Bon (1925 - 2014)

Synonyms of Cuphophyllus russocoriaceus include Hygrophorus russocoriacea Berk. & T.K. Mill., Camarophyllus russocoriaceus (Berk. & T.K. Mill.) J.E. Lange, and Cuphophyllus russocoriaceus (Berk. & T.K. Mill.) Bon.

Etymology

The genus Hygrocybe is so named because fungi in this group are always very moist. Hygrocybe means 'watery head'. russocoriacea comes comes russo- meaning Russian and -coriaceus, the Latin word for leather; it stems from the smell of Russian leather associated with this waxcap.

Identification guide

	Cap Slightly sticky; 0.5 to 3cm across; initially convex, becoming flat-topped and sometimes developing a slight depression; cream or ivory to pale yellowish, slightly darker in the cent; margin slightly translucently striate.
	Gills Moderately distant; deeply decurrent; initially almost white, becoming slightly yellowish with age. Basidia Clavate, 40-55 x 6-7.5µm, mainly four-spored. Stem 1.5 to 4cm long and 3 to 65mm diameter; cylindrical, tapering at the base; dry and silky; concolorous with cap, often with a pinkish tinge towards the base; hollow; no stem ring.
	Spores Broadly elipsoidal; 7.5-9 x 5-6.5 µm; inamyloid. Show larger image... Spores of Cuphophyllus russocoriaceus, Cedarwood Waxcap Spore print White.
	Gill Trama Interwoven - see photomicrograph, left. Show larger image... Gill trama of Cuphophyllus russocoriaceus, Cedarwood Waxcap
Odour/taste	Odour of 'Russian leather' or sandalwood; taste not distinctive.
Habitat & Ecological role	Closely cropped or mown grassland, including coastal dune systems, where artificial fertilisers and herbicides are not spread. Waxcaps have long been considered to be saprobic on the dead roots of grasses and oter grassland plants, but it is now considered likely that there is some kind of mutual relationship between waxcaps and mosses.
Season	Autumn and early winter in Britain and Ireland.
Similar species	Cuphophyllus virgineus is similar but does not have the cedarwood or Russian leather odour.

Culinary Notes

Although reported in some field guides to be edible, these tiny waxcaps are so insubstantial that they are of no culinary interest

Reference Sources

Fascinated by Fungi, 2nd Edition, Pat O'Reilly 2016, reprinted by Coch-y-bonddu Books in 2022.

Fungi of Northern Europe, Volume 1 - The Genus Hygrocybe, David Boertmann, 2010.

Dictionary of the Fungi; Paul M. Kirk, Paul F. Cannon, David W. Minter and J. A. Stalpers; CABI, 2008

Taxonomic history and synonym information on these pages is drawn from many sources but in particular from the British Mycological Society's GB Checklist of Fungi.

Acknowledgements

This page includes pictures kindly contributed by Simon Harding.

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